Dictatorship has been the main reason for slavery and dominance in society and culture. The approach of the powerful dictators to remain as scary, inhumane, and violent is encrypted in the historical pages. Powerful dictators brutality and abuse describe their nature of treating humans and society.

The majority of death and revolution were observed to be developing from their reigning period. Dictatorship rules led to genocide wars, and battles within countries, enforcing people to flee or die if not able to follow their rules.
Evil power, and supreme capability to drive the human race to suffer suppression and conversion made them infamous powerful dictators.

5 infamous and powerful dictators

Though they were powerful but chasing over others’ death their life ending was miserable. None of them had a death laid with pride. Each one had a death that is historically tyrannous, it may be due to the curses of several souls.

Mao Zedong, China

The Red China Revolution leader survived till the age of 82 years. For a long time, he had been bedridden for almost 5 years, suffering from ill health. With the series of three heart attacks left him with ill functions of the lungs and other parts of the body.
Being the President of the Republic of China his changes in the policies led to disaster. His ruling period was considered the time of dictatorship that the people had suffered. Over years of ruling of powerful dictatorship, Mao Zedong suffered from Parkinson’s disease.

Kim II Sung, North Korea

North Korea still reigns under the power of Kim II Sung, even after decades of his death. He was the tyrannous leader who was the first leader of North Korea. It is now ruled by his Grandson, making his reign more powerful than earlier.
He died due to a heart attack but suffered from a tumor developed in his neck. It was in 1994, at the age of 82, he declared death following a heart attack.

Saddam Hussain
A cruel, and powerful dictatorship was seen during the reign of Saddam Hussain. His illegal imprisonment, the killing of innocents, and tortures had turned beyond tolerance. He lost his dictatorship after the US army invaded Iraq. Hussain lost his rule after 20 years, after which he was found responsible for the murder of 148 in Dujail.
His cruelty and violence in was regime to kill people led to his death after his rule fell, he was hanged to death.

Muammar Gadhafi
Another infamous ruler was the Muammar Gadhafi of Libya, who ruled for 42 years. He was known as a skilled politician with the talent of a manipulator. His acts of violence, fearless speeches, and murders made him the dictator of Libya. One of the deadly actions was the Lockerbie Bombing.
Libyans suffered violence and poverty under his reign, but still, it is difficult to recover. His misdeeds led to a tyrannous death in history as he sustained shoot-out injuries but later his rebels had beaten him up to death.

Adolf Hitler
Tyrannous as a dictator, the tale of Adolf Hitler is popular as a violent murderer. His pride in victory and rule of the world was high, but as soon as he realized his powerful dictatorship is over in the battle of Berlin. He committed suicide, through a gunshot by the end of World War II.
The powerful dictators, the cruel rulers ended with the drastic downfall of their rule. Except North Korea, it still maintains its isolation from the rest of the world.

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To prove masculinity, the classy men moustache has been playing an illustrious role. Earlier it was limited to the soldiers and rulers who had to show off their masculine. Beards and mustache are the most essential part that has made history over years.

Limited to specific regiments, and sports categories the men were adorned with a particularly attractive look.
The raise of strikes and differences took place among men, to fight for their right of keeping their facial hair.

History has many stories and facts showing the ways of expressing status. Especially during the Victorian age, also in the French Revolution, the changes in acceptance of men’s fashion were observed. Men begin to overcome from the stereotyped lifestyle and look for a lift in their looks.

France has always been raised with a culture of art, painting, and fashion. Status was also an essential part of French culture. It is expressed through makeup and dresses in women. Men expressed with beards and moustaches in their faces wonderfully cut and shaped.

Strike By French waiters for men Moustache

The desire to look exceptional and attain the right to be men, turned furious when waiters had gone on strike. They demanded to allow them to grow their mustache. It was then in 1907, that waiters, servants, and domestic helpers were not allowed to keep the moustache.
It was a status symbol, which was not free for low income grooffups. The salary that was paid to the waiters in the restaurants was not enough for their bread and butter.
Their family was starving for food and clothing. Above all, the waiters were forced to shave of their facial hair. It has to clean-shaved as per the law of the French government.
Altogether, the workers were enraged and took them towards the strike. Men with smooth shave were expelled, and the determination of having mustache and an increase in salary was highly necessary.

Hierarchy

To attain the hierarchy, soldiers upper-classes the officials had the men moustaches. It was mandatory for them, while entirely banned for the low-salaried groups. During the 19th century, with the development of the military mustache that stood as an elite group.
Followed by it, the French revolution for facial hair began with new ranges of modern restaurants.
The waiters had to clean shave, but it was humiliating for them. They had to forcibly remove against their wish. Finally, thousands of waiters, and Parisian waiters went to strike. According to The La Presse, it described the rebels as the declaration of the rights of man and citizen.
As there are no kings, no dominance and slavery, the ban on the moustache should be removed. It was the main objective of the Parisian waiters.
The revolution took a peak that led to remove the slavery and the humiliation supported on men, earning money. The Boyer bill failed, even after several supporting the bill. But the thoughts and determination did not end, within few years men from different corners of the country came to work with moustaches.

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Surviving in the Wild West is believed to be impossible. There is no evidence of any chances of survival in the Wild West. It was during the 19th century that people migrated west from other places. Between the 1840s to 1860s about 300,000 to 400,000 people had made their way.

But according to the records, about 10 of the people were dead. So, almost it was dubious that survival in the zone is difficult. Migrating and covering the paths was not easy when commutes were limited. So, traveling through rivers, suffering due to diseases, weather disasters and other unexpected issues led to killing people.  Moving from one place to another was not an easy task during that time. Even in the present time traveling and surviving in that part is an impossible task.

Unknown shrinking of the population in the Wild West

As per studies, the population in the Wild West was above 15 million. During the time of Columbus, his voyage extended North America has the entire population of Native Americans. But it was observed that after the 19^th century, the leftover was up to approximately 238,000 lakhs. The reason for the massive reduction was due to strange that was unassumable.

Spread of Diseases

The diseases were the main reason that led to the death of the Native Americans. Widespread cholera and smallpox were the diseases that brought down the population. Apart from the diseases, there were the wars such as the 1812 war, and the Seminole war that was the causes to increase the death toll.

Racism led to Worsen The Wild West

No place can survive the emergence of racism. It has been the root of inhumanity and the increase in death rates. About more than 20,000 Chinese people migrated for jobs. They worked as miners but later were facing abuse and violence. Chinese, Native Americans, and the Black were stopped from filing cases against the White people.

Racism had killed not only the Chinese but also the Native Americans. At the same time suffered violence silently.

Alcohol was a reason for to increase death toll

Alcohol had been not limited to age groups, all age people were allowed to drink. Lack of restriction encouraged everyone to drink, so each one was drunk throughout the day, from cowboys to miners.

The peak of drinking was in the 18^th century, it was so high that later due to the illegal abuses and violence lead to the Temperance movement and prohibition.

There were also deaths due to the unhygienic and dangerous ambiance of the minors. Clumsy and crowded communities, worst sanitation, and water quality were the reason for diseases such as cholera that had killed millions of migrated and native people in the west wild.

The dust and dirt of the metals led to the causes of health diseases such as tuberculosis. There was hardly any treatment for it, apart from it poisoning of air was making life difficult.

Mining had led to the formation of poisonous air, increasing Carbon and arsenic, making the life in Wild West forever terrifying.

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The under-grounded city built in Greenland is the US ice city. Abandoned ice city is the creation of invasion of the US army that is known as the “Story of Camp Centuries”.  The intention of the Cold war is to develop a hidden city that can work on nuclear warheads. Now, after decades space is crashed due to the disadvantages of habitation.

The destruction of the camp still has the remaining city built under the city of Greenland. Technically the city was designed with structures that can exist for 10 years without maintenance.

Building of US Ice City and Greenland

In 1959, the initiative was taken to build Camp Century, it was the arctic subsurface camp that was an innovative construction. The digging and cutting of the underneath ice, developing the spaces with cover trenches extended to the length of 1100 ft or 330 meters. Trenches were strengthened with steel arches enabling increasing the stability and life span.

Apart from the in-built trenches for developing the space habitable the drainage line was essential. But due to the snowfalls and cutting of ice had made it an issue for habitation. Later in 1962, the problem of sewer lines was reduced with the pulling of the water wastes to 52 feet. It provided relief to the camps. At the beginning of the US, ice city had to tolerate the sewer problems for almost one and half years.

Though, the present situation of the melting ice ensures that the abandoned city will still remain in the future. The city considered as the base camp had all necessary neighborhood elements. Theaters, shops, and barber shops, but the space was facing hygienic issues due to the lack of proper planning and design.

In the Camp century, Ice city had the backup of portable nuclear reactors, they were the first inventor and users. Another major issue that rouse with it is the exposure of heat that led to an increase in the melting of ice apart from producing electricity.

The major reason to abandon Greenland  Under city Camp

Due to lack of ventilation, it had become difficult for the military to survive difficultly. The slow development of the underneath city turned practical for survival in 1965. On other hand, the technical changes offered visibility for nuclear power. Altogether effective for future is still the only camp century built in history.

Space was declared as the scientific research station, it was a secret mission that had structure and planning of Nuclear war provision. Later the camp space was left in 1966, after giving up on the military attacks.

After several decades, the space still remains stable with the ice-melted water signifies or entering to the maximum of 1.1 meters. But according to research in 2016, it is assumed that if the ice melting intensifies it has the ability to release nuclear waste that includes diesel fuel of 200,000 liters. The Greenland ice city was built to spread its power with the atomic invasions.

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Falling in love and suddenly expressing it through words have always been hesitating tasks. Lovers from ancient times have used different kinds of ways to show their love for someone. Worldwide, the way to propose to their partners is through the gifting of red roses. It can be a bouquet or rose when gifted, it is always denoted as a message of love. Accepting it was the indication of agreeing to the proposal. But according to mythological stories, Greeks proposed throwing apples. Similarly, apples were one of the ways to show their love in Greece. During ancient times the Greeks used it as a gesture for the lovers to accept or deny the proposal of love and marriage.

 Connection of Aphrodite to apples as Greeks proposed

Apples and the apple tree have been considered sacred to Goddess Aphrodite. The Greek Goddess has been the influence of the use of apples for love birds. The Goddess is considered the bestower of love, there are many stories related that has given the couples of ancient times a way to express their feeling.

The Lord of lust and love, Aphrodite in history described the apples with sacredness. The story of the golden apple, in which she promised Trojan prince, Paris to give him the most beautiful woman in the world, if she got the apple.

He agreed to give the golden apple to her, and finally, she got it. Her achievement within the three Goddesses made her the Goddess of love who was symbolized by the golden apple.

Later, following the rule of throwing an apple was to denote the partner to be the most beautiful partner who was proposed for marriage. It was used by the Greeks to propose to their partners for marriages.

Rings and roses are now popular not as Greek Proposed with apples

Though the mythological story about Eris and Aphrodite mentions about their proposal stories through apples. But in present times, partners do not throw apples to propose to their partners for marriage. In present times, people use rings and roses to propose. But the myth is still famous due to its importance and symbolism of Greek Gods.

According to Greek Literature, fertility, love, and beauty are always symbolized through apples. It has been due to the appearance of attractive redness, and taste. The procedure of using the myth in real life slowly vanished. It was due to the instances of arranged marriages.

The golden apple remains a myth when the parents were responsible to choose the partners for their children. It may be at the teen-ages or adults the marriages happened were not decided by them. The use of rings and roses started with the new beginnings of love marriages as the Greeks proposed. When the couples were able to choose their partners and marry them. Proposal acceptance by partners was through roses and rings.

Therefore, the golden apple theory is from Greek mythology, which was less in practice. The importance and symbol of apples were observed during the time of Spartan warriors. Apples were thrown at women, if she caught the apple then it was an acceptance to get married to the men.

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Dunce Cap is a cone-like tall hat that is not in use. At parties, such caps are seen that are for fun and celebration. Designed caps of various styles are available in modern times. On contrary, the smaller form of cone-shaped hats is to express idiocy or fun. Anywhere when it is for celebration or festival the use of such hats are high. But it was a time when these caps were a sign of intelligence. The cap was an honor to the people who were scholars. It was for those to not only provide a smart appearance as a hat but also give the gesture of intellect.

So, if you see an image of a person with dunce caps from the time of the 13^th century, then he or she is a scholar. Scientists and philosophers used to wear pointed caps. Even if they do not introduce themselves you can make out with the cone shape hat.

Dunce Cap and its discovery

The name of the Dunce cap was on the John Duns Scotus. He was a scholar, philosophies, and theologian who had become a priest in his twenties. His thoughts had developed new perspectives. It is the reason he was known as the inspirer of a renaissance in the 13^th century.

The dispute between the Catholic Church and the King of France he was expelled from the country, led to an interrupt in his studies. Later he returned back, studied, and was honored with a Doctor of theology. John Duns was a favorite of his followers, who called him the Dunsmen. John’s belief in metaphysics pointed at the use of the Dunce cap.

According to him, the cap had the ability to work effectively for improving the intellects. The proper functions of the brain can increase knowledge and wisdom.

Metaphysical reason to use the cone-shaped hat

For students who required focus or concentration. Whenever a person has to concentrate, there is a need to focus above, it is a point in the head. Based on it, the cone-shaped hat was made for children to increase their concentration. To meditate, the yogis, saints, and other people can focus to reach the point of wisdom. The use of hats is seen in witches, powerful and intelligent characters. It shows that they are intelligent people who consistently try and approach wisdom and knowledge.

Slowly the use of the Dunce cap could become the best way to improve knowledge. As the priest had this idea to introduce the hat, the reason was to channel knowledge. The magical powers can be elevated with the use of the pointed hat at the top of the hat which was imagined for the witches. It is a metaphysical way to realize the energy implemented for thinking ability.

The strength of the cone is so extreme that can it can lift the power to think, and gain the knowledge to wisdom. It is known for the ritual magic that helps to reach the top with the energy as it reaches the peak of intelligence, also known as the raising cone of power.

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Destroying humanity killing people in mass on base of race, castes, and religion has given rise to Genocide wars. Sufferers were common people under the dominant forces of the armed people. The death and damage to humans have left behind scars in world history. Whenever the violence took place it was mainly to elevate the dominance over the weak and poor people.

History reminds us of the wars that were violent over poor and weak ones. Leading to death, abuses, and violence causing an increase in the crime and breaking of law and order.

Genocide wars in the world history

The frightening and inhumane loss to the people which has shattered world history can be ranked with the mass killing of people. Mass killing and the rate of death along with the crimes in the country show the power which led to the suffering of common people.

1994 genocide war Rwanda

When mention about Genocide wars the mass killing and the tortures on the poor and common people of Rwanda has been a reason for the world to cry and pray for them. The Rwandan civilian war continued for 100 days but destroyed the country. The immigrants known as Tutsi refugees had invaded Uganda.

To conquer, they killed villagers, town people searched for women, children hidden in places, and ended their life. Up to 500,000 women were rape victims estimated from the minority ethnic groups.  

Bangladesh Genocide war

The liberation of Bangladesh is itself a sad part of world history. A country that was part of Pakistan, was known as East Pakistan before liberation. Language and community problems gave rise to the war. The War of  1971 lasted for nine months over this time the common people suffered death and loss to properties and houses. Women were rape victims, men were killed pulling out from their houses.

Forcibly Urdu was interpreted as the official language but the Bengali community denied to accept it. Razakars, the paramilitary forces of Pakistan killed people in mass and kidnapped, raped, and then left free.

Cambodia from worst Genocide wars

One of the dangerous and saddest massacres in world history is the Cambodian Genocide war. It lasted for 8 months and 20 days that began with the Khmer Rouges’ policies. The war was against religions and the leaders, students, lawyers, and doctors. About 2 million people died in the war, the Cambodians were tortured, punished, and killed being from the ethnic groups as the minorities.

Vietnamese being the weak ethnic group was deported and forced to leave Cambodia, with about 50 million left.

Nazi Genocide, The Holocaust

The black days during the time of Hitler is itself a history of bad times for the world.  Death caused to the mass people murdering of hostages, bombing and starvation were in the period of the Holocaust. In the war with the Europeans, it killed 28,736000, without sparing prisoners, women, men, and handicapped people. One of the longest of all the Genocide wars that took place between 1941 -45 that carried out with forcing labor works, mass shootings, and pogrom.

Genocide Wars have been the destruction of humanity with the not only loss of lives but also of their dignity. Reviving back from the scars took them decades while doing no good to mankind.

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The US fights over the years have been several for various reasons. But some of the wars remain as hilarious memories. The reasons for the wars can be any but they were the funniest US fights that had brought to saddening incidents.

Maybe it can be due to misinformation or a war without a serious base resulting to do so, but in the end, it had given stories to rethink about the actions of the past leaders and warriors.

Popular and Funniest US fights

Whiskey Rebellion

The whiskey rebellion war started in the year 1791 to 1794. It was one of the hilarious wars in US history. It was during the American Republic of early days of revolution in US history. The revolt increased when the farmers and people furiously pushed it into a great war in Pennsylvania. The funniest part was the presence of George Washington in the war field but no one was around to fight against him. Positioning of the Dictator and president stood pointless when stood with the army in the field. It was a ridiculous and funny historical war.

Honey War

Can anyone think to have a great war on Honey? It has been a reason of war during 1839, on a territorial dispute in Iowa territory and Missouri. This rebel or war did not have any bloodshed, but the fight on the occupancy of honey, one of the essential commodities continued.

The tax agents from Missouri tried to collect taxes from Iowa, while they resisted paying taxes most funnily. They chased the collectors with the pitchforks, as revenge by the Missouri collectors chopped down about three honey bees’ trees. There was a weird way of establishing their dominancy but without any bloodshed.

Jones Capturing of Monterey

In the year 1842, the Monterey an Island was mistakenly occupied by the commander of the Pacific Squadron. There was false information about a war between the US and Mexico, hereby to conquer and take control Thomas ap Catesby Jones landed in the island to Monterey. It was the capital of California, so it was all of a sudden that he captured the place in just one day. Hilarious, at the same time it is a funny US history that had no reason of occurrences.

Pig War, funniest US fights

The Pig war has been one of the funniest not only in US history but worldwide. The war was between the US troops and the British who reached an island surrounded by the Bellingham and the Victoria. The ridiculous fact to start over the war was over some pigs who had crossed the borders and were shot to death.

Sentiments over killing the pigs led to conquering the San Juan Island, it was a state of insecurities that the farmers called the American army. Finally, they were able to conquer the land defeating the Britain army.

Wars may be to conquer land or a country or to express power. The funniest US fights still pour bits of laughter learning about their history.

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Men’s Modern Fashion edges around the beard. There are various experiments on beards to appear attractive and smarter. According to them, facial hairs are a sign of masculinity. But there was a time when men had to spend money as beard tax. Beards give a gesture of manliness, maybe women also like to have a look at the facial hairs. With time there has been a vast change in the fashion related to appearance and facial hairs styles. The experiments on style and fashion are easy and inexpensive. Experiencing the freedom of shaping and styling facial hairs reminds me of the history of beard taxes.

Introduction of Beard Taxes By Henry VIII of England

Having a beard has been a status symbol. It was in 1535 that the tax system was initiated by the Henry VIII of England. Men who paid were the wealthy high-status people and were considered to be the symbol of social hierarchy. It was the beginning of the use of paying for facial hairs. For styling with men’s fashionable wears that will give them an outstanding footing.

Later, this tax was implemented by other rulers for different reasons. In the 17^th century, the tax was re-imposed on his countrymen. But the intention of imposing by Peter the Great was different. His interests and thoughts were surrounded by the shipbuilding and the naval shipments. Gradually a bit of his interest diverted in a distinctive looks for men. To bring a change in the elegant looks of the Russians he introduced the trend of clean shaving. The shaving trend was started by Peter stating that if anyone needs a good job then he should have a clean face.

He brought a period of possessing a beardless face. The beard tax was for a different reason than the earlier during Henry VIII. The main reason was the unmaintained facial hairs covered the faces. It gave the looks of the criminals, dirty and untrimmed. This was why he decided to impose the tax to give clean and smart appearances. Over time the styling ways of beards deteriorated with time due to negligence in styling.

1697 And the Beard Tax during time Emperor Peter

He intended to remove the beard’s trends and develop a mindset of having a clean shaved face. Men were forced to cut off their facial hairs in 1697, it was an anti-beard revolution. Therefore in 1698, he imposed the beard tax to eliminate the conception of long face hairstyles.

Men had to pay revenue to the country government. They have to carry a beard token, that is to carry a copper or silver coin. Above all, it is also mentioned in the token that the beard is a burden. After the reduction of the trend of beard styling later in 1772, the tax was eliminated by the Russian Government.

The reasons for beard tax have been different but the intention was to improvise and modernize the looks of men.

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Changes in thoughts to bring a change in the lives of the people were seen during the period of British India, The Literary period.  Leaders, Nationalists, and activists from this period has given strength, traced path for encouraging new thoughts. Societies were built with culture and religion, it is a reason the Indian renaissance had to grow emerging against existed society.

Indian Renaissance divided into three phases

Changes and revolution both were simultaneously developing with the complex minds of the leaders. To think about the benefits and well beings, another hand to get rid of the orthodox-filled religion the nationalists and leaders played a great role.

Decline in culture and the human spirit

The decline in culture was severe when people were congested with inhuman behaviors. They were lacking in spiritual hikes and blind in worshipping idols. People were less confined to helping the society, its people and trying to acquire spirituality through offerings to the stone-made idols. Killing animals in the name of sacrifices and offerings to God was a part of their religion and culture.

 It was the time when poverty in India was at its extreme. Poor people were suffering lacking food and shelter. As a result they found out fastest ways to survive, it was the time when in the 19th century when Indian villages and towns did hardly eradicate poverty. What was wrong

Poverty was another reason that people could not find ways to improve and relearn about spiritual thought and implementation. Swami Vivekananda, who is a follower of Rama Krishna was one of the Indian Renaissance leaders to seek changes in human spirits.

 Education and child marriage part of Indian Renaissance

Education was not at all for everyone, it is in the 19th century when a major renaissance took place. Poverty was the main reason that had surfaced the different classes and status of people to stay away from gaining knowledge. Child marriages and sati pratha are the two main reforms that took place. The renaissance was accomplished by the popular leaders of bengal, initiated by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. He is known as the Father of Renaissance. Indian renaissance period started from bengal. 

Sati Pratha, women were burned alive to their husband pyre. An inhuman behavior towards the widows, who were thrown to the fire as a symbol of commitment and courage. Relatively the child marriage was another harmful social trauma. It acted as a fuel to the decline in society. Poor underage girls were married to old and rich one, interms that they will live a better life. It brought hell to the lives of the young girls. In 1829, the Sati Pratha was abolished a

Political thoughts and reforms among leaders 

Indian Renaissance was experienced in Political thoughts and reforms that reached a peak engaging to develop reforms. It was during this period when people national leader fought for equality. Overcome from the bindance of religion and unite to figth for freedom. Raja Ram Mohan Roy who fought for the civil rights opposing against the superior behavior towards British and Europeans. 

Reformation took place with the develop of Brahma Samaj there was several developments in thought and execution towards nature. 

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Indian History remains incomplete without the information or authentic record of the existence or death of famous rulers of India. There have been great sacrifices of some rulers towards securing and protecting their countrymen. 

But despite their major dedication towards their country, their sudden disappearance had disheartened their family and followers. Though there has been much researches and study but lack of evidence has made their lives a mystical death. 

Rulers Death Unfolded In Indian History

Nana Saheb, The Peshwa 

The ruler who fought against British India during the Sepoy Mutiny. He supported the movement of the Indian soldiers to rebel against the use of rifle cartridges. It was due to the revolution he had to escape in Nepal. According to the records, it is known that he died because of a tiger attack. But as per one of Brahmin Venkateshwar, he met Nana Saheb in Nepal year 1861. The death of the Peshwa ruler remains unknown. Hereby his end life vanished from Indian History. 

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Leader from Bengal

The dedication and sacrifice of the leader of Bengal, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose is marked in golden words in Indian History. His death remains a mystery even after decades. There have been investigations, researches about his death. But few facts are known about his last life and death. Indian leader’s death anniversary is on 18th August 1945, the reason of death is known as a plane crash. 

But his brother refused to accept Bose’s death and blamed him to cover him. Later he was rumored to be in disguise within the provinces of Uttar pradesh. 

Alexandra The Great In Indian History

Being the strongest and great Greek ruler his death is also considered to be false information. The mystery of Alexandra remains unfolded. There are many proposals raised to be the cause of his death. Some believed that death is because by strychnine poison or any liver disease. While the University of Maryland for Medicine mentioned that the death cause was Typhoid. 

There have been doubts on the death at the age of 32 years on 10th June 323, BC who may have been perpetrated by any of his wives or his half brother. He invaded India but was defeated by the Mauryan King. 

Genghis Khan, The courageuos invader

The mystical death of Genghis Khan has risen many doubts about his burial place. History mentions that maybe his death was due to the bubonic death. His family, friends, and followers kept the reason for death as a deep secret which did not conclude the end life of Genghis Khan. 

While few records mention his death due to a wound he was unable to sustain on a battlefield in 1227. He was one of the famous rulers who invaded India during the reign of Illtutmish.

The Indian leaders from modern India and ancient India point out their unforgettable and courageous attitudes. Exemplifying their achievements has cultivated curious minds. But their uncovered reality and confusions over their hidden death had kept their courageous life stories incomplete. Demises of these great rulers may be due to any reason but their courage and leadership have made narratives. 

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Looking back into the reign of British India and its existence after they have left is stretched over in different parts of India. Pre-Independence built houses and structures are even present after passing over centuries. Shimla is one state that still shows the colonized areas of British India. While almost all streets and roads with British-built structures over decades, another iconic place is the scandal point.

The name itself describes something alarming which rises a concern to rethink about the place and reason for calling it a scandal point. Shimla’s scandal point is one of the busiest and iconic places due to its history related to the area.

Why Scandal Point In Shimla?

British India has always dominated over the Indians. It can be a zamindar, Maharaja, or Nawabs all had to serve the English. No matter, the status of the Indians was high but they were not allowed to stand high in front of Britain.
Always were treated as slaves who were forced to follow the rules and regulations under the power of the English. If somehow they tried to revolt in one way or other they were punished or penalized to teach them a lesson.

The Sepoy Mutiny Revolt was in 1857, it is when the best establishments were in Shimla. It was during the time of 1800 when the Indians started to think about their rights and existence. Slowly from this period, people tried to show their dislikes and disagreements with Britain.

Historical elopement of the Indian Maharaja who was madly in love with a Britain Lady has been a reason for a scandal during that time. The Maharaja of Patiala dared to run away with the daughter of the Viceroy. They eloped from this place after which the point is known as the Scandal Point.

After eloping the Maharaja was banished to enter Shimla. It was not the end for the Indian lover who established his summer capital Chail. The place is now one of the popular tourist attractions.

Scandal Points and its attractions

The scandal point has been under the jurisdiction of Britain. The establishment at the Mall road is covered with the structures built during their time. It reminds them about their work, power, and administration.

Kali Bari has been established more than 100 years ago. It is a special attraction for the Bengalis who have started to establish their colonies in 1845. There is ancient work depicted on the walls of the temples, it is dedicated to Goddess Kali.

Another oldest structure is the Gaiety Theatre that was opened in 1887. One of the ancient theatres, not only in Shimla but all over India. Over years many actors and actresses have performed on the stage.

The Town hall is for the municipal official works of Shimla. It was designed by a Scottish Architect before World War 1. The design and aesthetics define the esteem of British India which remains intact after years.

Scandal Point has gained its name due to a scandal of elopement. Now it remains an attraction due to the ever-living structure from 1800.

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Changes in the phases of the earth at various periods have shared valuable messages that the future can implement for betterment. Looking back into world history the transitional period has pointed to many essential factors that led to the transitional period. The remarkable phase of this period in history is European history from the 17^th century to the 19^th century.

Almost for two centuries, there was a revolution in different fields that was due to the forced condition. The conditions and sufferings that required a rise and development to overcome the difficult situations.

Fields culminated in the transitional period

When we study the transitioning periods it takes place mostly between the changes of centuries. Each century defines the economy, military, social and political facts of civilizations. The progress of mankind evolved with several sacrifices, wars, and turbulences in society.

The transitions time points are majorly about two revolutions. It brought an exceptional change in the world. French Revolution that covered art, culture as well as the establishment of the democratic government. It is one of the largest revolutions that brought thoughts of liberty for the first time, all over Europe.

Secondly, the worst position that the world had faced was World War – II. It led to the decline of the economy, rise of poverty, and deaths due to the years of battles and bombings.

Industrial Society revolution

During the French revolution, the politic faced challenges with the alliance systems during 1871. It intended to the growth of the thoughts on political liberalization. To protect their rights and extent to rigorous controls. The emergence of the industrial society widened with the separation of states, nation-wise. The progress was mostly determined in terms of the nation.

The worsening of the situation caused poverty with the severe downfall of the economy. People were jobless, they hardly afford food for their families. It is when the spread of need traced the path to use science to bring some development in different industries.

The effects of the Industrial revolution

Between 1750 to 1800 there was an increase in population after the division of states nation-wise. The strength of the population initiated to invention and growth of new foods. Different crops are were invented and cultivated that helped in industrial growth.  Inventions of machinery were observed in this period.

There was an increased transaction, development of new businesses and trades with the rise of population led to the industrial development of the state and nation. This is the reason that the 18^th century is pointed to as one of the remarkable transitional periods.

Part of the French revolution was the ruling and conquering period of the Napolean. It was during his time that different countries faced industrial development. It isolated the trading deals with Britain which had worsened and weakened the legacy of England.

Continuation of the transitional period was till world war 2, the revolution diverted to survive as a minimalist. But with the discoveries of machines and technologies in northern Italy and Spain, there was the extreme development of with world’s top industrializations.

Even in modern world history, the impact of development is realized in industrialisations.

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Napoleon agreed to the “Treaty of Amiens” after an agreement or settlement with the Pope of the Catholic Church. This settlement endured a massive change to the war between the UK and the French. The main aim was to bring peace overcoming the worsening circumstances to the common people and the economic power due to conflict of Britain and Napoleon.

To overcome the opposition of the French into the European countries the treat of Amiens has taken an essential part. French had expanded their power by using economic dominancy against Britain. The Britain goods were outlawed by Napoleon those who were allied under the French.

The forbade of imports was weakening the UK companies and the country itself. The continental system planned was to entirely restrict or reduce the strength and immobilize the trades imports of Britain.

Treaty Of Amiens between Britain and Napoleon

Mastermind Napoleon had a strategy to increase the trading and improve the development of Luxurious products of France. The elegant products of the French are still one of the leading industries worldwide. It started after the initiative of the leader, he also worked on increasing fair taxes and also initiated the controls on monetary policy.

French dominance was widespread within the allies of European countries. The code of Napoleon was advantageous to the reformation of the education system, military, and essential of all strengthen the Economy of the European countries.

The treaty of Amiens was signed in 1802, but it did not last long due to disagreements and distrust. Finally, the peace agreement was challenged after 14 months which led to the reoccurrence of a war. France and Britain both suffered from uncertainty as well as security.

Revolutionary War By the Napoleon

The European countries were slowly brought under French rule which was reducing the dominance of the British. While the peace agreement stated the policy of complete understanding and equality, both should live with harmony.

Overcoming from the state of war both sides will release the hostiles. They will return to their countries. Therefore, a commission formed will take care to ascertain the facts of hostility and regulate without any issues.

The islands of Trinidad and Dutch were a major issue between Britain and Napoleon. In 1796, the British conquered both the colonies of Europe. But it was in the reign of the French ruler that he demanded equal ruling with possession that had belonged to them respectively.

The dominance of Britain was shattered before the “Treaty of Amiens”

Economy and trading was the main reason that had a chase to rise in dominance or war. Britain was enabled to trade after open access with the islands of Trinidad. It was one of the best places for sugar cultivation. Britain’s dominance was ultimately controlled after the exposure and implementation of Napoleon’s strategies. France was able to regain its power and control in the European countries that they had lost under the hands of the British.

The conflict between Napoleon and the British was hampering the law and order as well as damaging both the economical and military sectors. Above it was the time when Addington had released the French Army in Egypt to force the leader to bring peace. World wide pressure and expectation had forced the General to sign the Treaty of Amiens between Britain and Napoleon.

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The impact of culture is seen in different parts of the world. Implying the changes with the phases that are observed closely in Buddhist Art phases. The art phase can be differentiated into Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Contemporary and Southern Buddhist Art. Each art form has the influence of the native culture and which was of Indian origin.

Both Hindu and Jain religion has been influencing to development of Buddhism as the artwork survives in caves and temples.

How was the change in Buddhist Art extended outside India?

During the reign of Emperor Ming that Buddhist monks moved towards the Chinese lands. The Chinese art related to Lord Buddha mostly defines the transcend of Buddhism to Chinese culture. Physiques of the sculptures have the features of thin China people with clothing that reflects the idols of Chinese art. The transparency in style and art is observed in different stages to the art of enlightenment. It includes art form of early Mahayana to mature Mahayana, Bodhisattva in stones and wooden sculptures.

One of the popular sculptures is the Buddhas of Bamyan in Afghanistan shows the extending of the culture in Islamic countries of Asia.

Tantric Buddhist Art form

Worship to the supernatural power of Lord Buddha is seen in the art form of the part of Bhutan and Tibet. It was an inspiration from Hinduism related to yoga and mantras to the sacrifices. Though it does not support the religion, the impression of the Tantra is seen in temples and caves. The Himachal Pradesh is the connector between the cultures between the two countries.

Cham people of Vietnam are different from the others as they are directly influenced by the Indian art form and do not believe in tantra or tantric Buddhism.

Southern Buddhist Art

This art form is seen in parts of Thailand, Srilanka, and Myanmar. One of the popular art forms all over the world is the Southern part which developed during the beginning of the Silk Road. Trading was the main reason that brought the changes, though it was inspired by India. In the 9^th century, there was a massive change in the art that developed during the reign of Central Java. The famous artwork of Java Indonesia is seen in Kalasan, Mendut, Borobudur. Mandala art is the most important that describes the 505 seating position of Lord Buddha.

The contemporary art of Buddhist art phase is the ultimate phase. The extension of the culture is also observed in the parts of the UK. Studies and researches are in progress to further identify the artworks. The influence of the artwork can be predicted with the Buddhist festival art “A Lotus in Flower” in 2005.

The iconic phrase of the Buddhist artwork is described from the 5^th century. Though the origin of the religion was from India while later with the access through Silk Road the changes adapted with the geography and culture.

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The aim of the Satyagraha movement was once again established when India had banned to use of any kind of product from China. India has been a great market for the development of its economy. One of the main points of Satyagraha was to boycotting spending and buying from those countries that are causing the problem to India. Out of many points, it was one of the essential parts that have helped India to overcome and stand against the rivalry of China.  Satyagraha was one of the greatest revolutions in India’s history of Independence that were fought by “Father of the Nation”, Mahatma Gandhi. Youngest Satyagrahi, the freedom fighter was Vittal Liladhar Thakkar, a seventeen-year-old boy from Gujarat.

Salt to Satyagraha movement

The salt movement was a backfire to the British ruler who wanted to implement pressure on the freedom fighters. Slowly the movement diverted to a new path with different aims to develop and strengthen the position of Indians. While Gandhi, the oldest participant, and leader was the supreme. But the contribution of the youngest Thakkar is unforgotten.

The high tax imposed on salt by the British was pushing Indians into crisis. It was when Salt Satyagraha opposed the Britains. It started with the Dandi March, led by Mahatma Gandhi, and with him was the Youngest Satyagrahi, Thakkar. The revolution was against high tax on salt that tortured the Indians from buying or sell salts. But it was this nonviolent march had challenged the strength of the British.

Together the Oldest and the Youngest involved in the Satyagraha movement marched for almost a day on 12^th March 1930. It was the beginning of chasing the English rulers that were known as the civil disobedience movement.

Thakkar and his accompany to Gandhi

Vittal Liladhar Thakkar who was known as Thakkar Bappa at an early age stepped in to free India. He was a social worker who was involved in the development of the tribal community. Gujarat. He became popular after his way throughout the Dandi March with Gandhi which started from Sabarmati Ashram. Though it started as a peaceful rally later based on the breaking of law British Government converted into violence. Led by the 61-year-old and 16-year-old men, Dandi March ended with the arrests of more than 60 thousand people.

This was the beginning of the dedication of the Thakkar Bappa towards the development of India. In 1932, he was the general secretary of Harijan Sevak Sangh, it was founded by Gandhi. He worked for the remote areas of the country and its people. It was the time when the Harijans need support. Thakkar was there to help them during the processing of the Indian Constitution. The name Bapa was called by Mahatma Gandhi.

In Tamil Nadu, he is called Appa Thakkar, while Maharashtra has a scheme “Thakkar Bappa” to improve the status of the tribals and Adivasi. In 1969, the Government of India had issued a stamp on the honor of Thakkar. Satyagraha movement was the start of his dedication while the Independence history of India retrospect his entire career.

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Who is identified as Italian Americans? About more than 5 million Italians have migrated to the US due to different reasons within the 1820 to 2004 time period. It was the period when single men had moved in for mode of living or exposure to their new lifestyle. They did not return and decided to work and explore in America. Italian Americans have changed their life and increased the legacy of the country.

After the 19^th century, the Italians came to the USA for work, they were hired as labor. They worked for the Natives. Few were sent to work for the Catholics, hereby the practicing religion in the colonies was expanded by the arrival of the Italians. Alessandro Geraldine was the first Italian catholic Bishop and preached religion.

Slowly from the labor classes to engaging in religion, they had progressed in various fields.

History reminds Italian Americans changed Past

Mother Cabrini

Founder of the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, it is a religious institute for Catholics Mother Cabrini is originally from Italy. She is a Roman Catholic nun who had given great support to her people who were migrating to the USA. She was canonized as a saint in 1975 US.

In 1887, she moved out to the US to help her people suffering from flood and poverty. Though she was not supported at the beginning but later helped them in different ways. To help and support her people she established schools and orphanages.

Joe DiMaggio

Famous baseball player, Joe DiMaggio who was an Italian American had changed the viewpoint of the poor immigrants in the USA. After his participation as one of the best in the US team. He had played for 13 years in Major League Baseball. At the time of retirement, he was ranked fifth also honored by the Baseball Hall of Fame.

DiMaggio was the record maker in 1936 to hit and reach to hit 29 home runs. His record stood for 80 years which was later broken in 2017 by Aaron Judge.

Enrico Fermi

The world’s first nuclear reactor, the physicist Enrico Fermi has changed the history of an Italian immigrant. He is also known as the architect of the nuclear age. In 1938 he was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics, the world’s most honorable award.

His intelligence and contribution to different inventions of physics including statistical mechanics have benefited the world. Fermi’s inventions and studies on both theoretical and experimental physics still stand extraordinary in the history of America.

Anthony Fauci

Another remarkable example from the Italian Americans is Anthony Fauci. His contribution to handling the Covid 19 pandemic as a member of the White House Coronavirus task force is unforgettable. He also serves for Biden as the chief medical advisor. He is a physician-scientist and immunologist who works as a director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Famous Italian Americans started as immigrants but have worked to the peak of abilities to prove themselves as the best.

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Recent violence and deaths of Afghan by Taliban reminds about the popular historical dedication of the 21 Sikh soldiers who fought against the Afghani to save their land. On 12th September it is marked as a remarkable day for the Indian fighters, known as the Saragarhi Day. The battle of Saragarhi, 1897 reminds me of the Afghani intruders who tried to conquer the borders of India. 

The battle was fought by 21 soldiers who only were able to keep the rivals away for seven hours. Aghani rivals were over 8,000 retaliated by these Sikh soldiers captained by Havildar Ishar Singh. The entire team of Sikhs fought till the end and finally killed 200 tribals and about 600 were injured. 

Saragarhi Sikh soldiers and the Fort

The Saragarhi Fort was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh which are later under the control of British rule. It was the communication tower between the two Forts. The Lockhart and the Gulistan forts are now located in Pakistan after the independence of India. On this specific day, the fort was reinforced by 21 in place of 40 soldiers. As the Afghani tribesmen attacked and surrounded the Fort but the Indian Battalion had denied surrendering at once. The brave soldiers had not given up till their death.
Attacks of the Afghanis were unexpected, it is when about 6,000 to 10,000 were at the front of the Fort. At this point, it was difficult to get an immediate backup to fight against the mass team the foreign soldiers. 

Through signals, the Indian soldiers had asked for reinforcement but it was not possible to send immediately. The only way for the brave Sikh soldiers was to stop them to enter the Fort. The enemies were able to reach and surround the Saragarhi Fort but were not able to break the main entrance. They had tried to break in at least two times but were unsuccessful to do so. According to the Captain Haughton signals, there were about 10,000 to 14,000 Afghanis who attempted the attack. 

Weapons of Battle of Saragarhi used by Sikh Soldiers

The weapons used by the Indian soldiers were not advanced comparing to the Pashtuns soldiers. The main aim of the attack by the enemies was to defeat the Indians at ease. Pashtuns’ weapons were Martini-Henry rifles but the Indian’s battalions were using the old weapons. According to the enemies, it was the best time to defeat the Sikh soldiers. The battle of Saragarhi took place immediately after the Revolt of the sepoys, 1857. 

Pashtuns had used the original guns and rifles as used by the British army. But due to the denial of the uses of cartridges by the Indians, had given an advantage to the Afghanis. 

Gurmukh Singh was the survivor till the end who mentioned that he had killed 40 Afghanis. They had retained the rival’s armed force till 8 hours after which they had conquered the fort. Their next attempt was the Fort Gulistan, but due to the arrival of the Indian reinforcement by the next day, they were unsuccessful. After two days the Indian soldier was able to get back the Saragarhi Fort due to the delay possible by the brave soldiers. They had given up their life to pushing enemies away from the Fort. 

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Free slaves from Africa were not only in European countries but were working in different parts of the world. Along with the free slavery, the white laborers were involved who worked on wages to built The White House. The Government of the USA never had its slaves. But they use to hire contractors for building the iconic buildings of America.

From carpenters to stone cutters, masonry has contributed to the development of the White House. In 1792, the construction started and it took about eight years. The beauty and architectural works of the building were the dedication of the slaves.

Labors developed the White House

Labors who worked to develop the White House

Many American leaders have been staying in this historical building. Jackson, Taylor, and Madison had slaves which were free and paid both. Craftsmen and laborers were hired who worked as artisans and laborers. The US capitol and government buildings were never have been possible without the involvement of the laborers. Quarrying of stones, cutting, and carrying them to the site was a primary job. It was done by the dedicated hardworking laborers.

It was not the end, as the construction of the building with stones and mason work was also the part of the enslaved people. The masons were hired from Scotland, they were skilled Scottish workers. They were involved in the erection of the White house working for eight years. Skilled works of craftsmanship and the innovativeness of the artisans are still depicted on the walls.

The unskilled laborers were trained on the spot after hiring them. White laborers were paid and the free slave Africans worked for food. Stonemason Collen Williamson, his dedication to the development of the White House is itself a history. Even after more than two hundred years, his work for the White House is popular. He worked as a chief mason for three from 1792; his famous work is the Moy House.

James Hoban, the Architect Of President House

Designing and carpentry was his field of popularity that he contributed to the creation of the white house. At an early age he worked as a carpenter and then he studied under Thomas Ivory. Due to his excellence in studies, he was honored with the Duke of Leinster’s medal. His designs and planning for the roofs, stairs, and brackets were remarkable for which he won the medals. After the burned destruction of the White House in 1814 architect James Hoban did his job. Hoban had designed the Southern Portico and Northern Portico for presidents James Monroe and Andrew Jackson.

Though the thoughts were of an architect the hard work to build the thoughts were of the laborers and workers. It was a hard worker who did not stop working through the eight years of span. Mostly the American laborers were from Virginia and Maryland. The construction of public buildings was inspired by the White House Development. The White House is a symbol of the contribution of slave workers who were trained and paid for their hard work.

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Spartans are famous soldiers of the ancient history of Greek. These 300 Spartans soldiers always fought as heroes till their end of life. The distinctive part of the heroes was their gay relationships not only within the soldiers but outside their troops.

Just because they were gay does not mean that the city of Spartan did not have women and children. This trend of gay soldiers in the military forces was implemented for a specific reason. To a far extent, it helped in the development of the military mind creating strong bonding.

The main motive for developing gay soldiers

Gay bonds are nothing new in the Greek history of ancient times. This was the reason it was implemented in the military forces. Spartan the city located nears the Eurotas River where the life of the military soldiers was entirely different.

Not only are their appearances differentiated with metal guards and long hair as Greek warriors but their attitude to defeat and win is itself a history.  The battle of Thermopylae was one of the historical battles fought by the gay military force of Spartans and defeat their enemies. During the invasion of the Persians, the alliance of the Spartans with the Xerxes was to fight against the Persians.

The bonding of the warrior helped them to overcome the massive battle of Thermopylae. They were able to kill about 5000 to 20,000 Persian soldiers in the battle till the end of three days. Despite being gay they had proven committed to their duty and relationships.

Lifestyle of the Spartan Soldiers

A strict and disciplined lifestyle was of the Spartan soldiers. Even the children, the newborn was bound to be strong. Their merciless act was seen when a weak child had no right to survive. Boy or girl even if they did not show their strength, immediately were killed.

At an early age after separating from their parents, the boy had a hard life. They were accommodated in communal barracks, intentionally scarcity of food was imposed so that the kids learn to steal. Hunting, training of body fitness, arms, and military was from an early age.

As soon as they stepped into the ages of teens, it was time for Pederasty. It was the period when an adolescent kid had to develop relations with the men from the military. This was beginning to expose their gender power and develop a strong bonding towards the force.

The relationship of the Spartans gays was true and committed as the force had 150 pairs, and a total of 300 warriors.

They were not allowed to get married at an early age. Even the women of the Spartans were bold and strong who maintain relationships with the same gender. After the age of thirty men were allowed to marry women.

Spartans’ gay bonding has been a great example of commitment and power. Being one of the popular historical incidents, they have shown the strength of same-gender relationships. They were honest as lovers, powerful as warriors in Greek history.

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